Accessibility

Platform: routledge.com

Taylor & Francis is committed to ensuring that our platform is accessible for all our users, regardless of their ability or technology. We are constantly working on improving the accessibility and usability of our platform.

Our platform endeavors to conform to the World Wide Web Consortium’s (W3C) Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.2 AA Standard Opens in a new window or tab and Web Accessibility Initiative Accessible Rich Internet Applications Suite (WAI-ARIA) 1.2. Opens in a new window or tab

We also adhere to guidance from:

• Section 508 Standards of the U.S. Rehabilitation Act Opens in a new window or tab
• American’s with Disabilities Act, Title II Opens in a new window or tab
• EN 301 549 – European Union Accessibility requirements suitable for public procurement of ICT products and services in Europe Opens in a new window or tab
• European Accessibility Act (28 June 2025) Opens in a new window or tab
• Public Sector Bodies (Websites and Mobile Applications) Accessibility Regulations 2018 (PSBAR) Opens in a new window or tab

These guidelines detail how to make content accessible to a wide range of people with disabilities, including blindness and low vision, deafness and hearing loss, learning disabilities, cognitive limitations, limited movement, speech disabilities, photosensitivity, and combinations of these.

Preparation of this accessibility statement

This accessibility statement for Routledge and CRC Press was last reviewed and updated on 8 June 2026.

The Routledge and CRC Press website underwent its most recent accessibility testing on 6 May 2026. This testing was conducted using a combination of our third-party automated tool from Siteimprove and thorough manual testing. A representative selection of pages across the website was comprehensively evaluated to ensure accessibility compliance.

The testing process was led by Jennie Mather, Accessibility Officer, and the results were reviewed collaboratively by Vineet Mulam, Associate Product Manager, and Lakshmi S, Business Analyst.

Corporate Accessibility Statement

Read the Corporate Accessibility Statement for Taylor & Francis Opens in a new window or tab to learn more about what we’re doing as a company across all our sites and content workflows.

Our commitment to accessible publishing

Publishing Accessibility Action Group (PAAG) Charter

Taylor & Francis signed the PAAG Charter in December 2022 and are committed to meeting the 10 commitments of this charter. Our objective is to make all content accessible and to embed accessible practices throughout the publishing ecosystem.

Inclusive Publishing (The DAISY Consortium)

We are an Inclusive Publishing Partner Opens in a new window or tab. Inclusive Publishing is coordinated and managed by The DAISY Consortium (Digital Accessible Information System). The group contributes to mainstream standards, develops guidelines to promote best practices, raises awareness of accessible reading systems and supports open standards for inclusive publishing and shares knowledge to make mainstream publications accessible to all, including people with print disabilities.

Accessibility Conformance Report

Read the full Accessibility Conformance Report (ACR) for Routledge and CRC Press and check our Accessibility Roadmap to learn about any issues scheduled for review.

The Accessibility Conformance Report (ACR) may also be referred to as a Voluntary Product Accessibility Template (VPAT). The ACR is the final output, having populated the VPAT guidance document.

Tools used for accessibility testing

We use a combination of automated tools and manual testing.

Accessibility testing tools

Siteimprove.ai set to crawl WCAG Levels A and AA success criteria, ARIA and accessibility best practices. Microsoft Edge DevTools version 115-125. Lighthouse 13.0.2 (Using Chromium 146.0.0.0 with DevTools). Accessibility Insights for Web version 2.46.0. Wave Evaluation Tool Version 3.3.0.4. Colour Contrast Analyser (CCA) Version 3.5.2. Adobe Colour Contrast Analyser. A11y Tools bookmarklets – WTFocus, List Images, Landmarks. Elysia internal closed system AI. Colour blind filter bookmarklet.

Assistive technologies

Non-Visual Desktop Access (NVDA) screen reader Version 2025.3.3.54605. Penguin Ambidextrous Vertical Mouse (model 9820100). Goldtouch Ergonomic Split Keyboard (model SK2730).

Laptop

Microsoft Edge Version 146.0.3856.109 and Google Chrome Version 146.0.7680.178 on a DELL laptop running Microsoft Windows 11 Enterprise, Version 10.0.26100 (OS Build 26100).

• Resize display settings: 1280 × 1024 and 1280 × 768, with scaling at 100%, and browser set to 200%.
• Reflow display settings: 1280 × 1024, with scaling at 100%, and browser set to 400%.

Mobile

Samsung Galaxy Flip 6, running Android 16 and One UI version 8.0, with Google Chrome version 147.0.7727.101. Used for checking Orientation with locked and unlocked screen rotation settings.

At the Routledge and CRC platform, we have two development releases each month, and accessibility is a fundamental aspect of the development and quality assurance processes, ensuring that the platform adheres to the legislation and guidance outline in our accessibility declaration.

In June 2024 we partnered with a third-party company, Siteimprove. This allows us to run regular automated audits. Issues are reviewed, and necessary fixes scheduled into our roadmap for completion.

Remediation Plan

For additional issue detail, please review the full Accessibility Conformance Report.

Platform

Together, Routledge and CRC Press are the world’s leading academic publisher in the Humanities, Social Sciences, and STEM. The platform provides scholars, instructors, and professional communities worldwide with a range of resources, in various formats to ensure our content is as accessible as possible.

eBooks

Most of our eBooks are available as reflowable EPUBs, allowing you to adjust the material's formatting online and offline via the Bookshelf app. However, we understand reflowable eBooks might not suit everyone’s needs, and for those requiring a fixed format, we also offer PDF versions.

Additionally, some of our textbooks include illustrations, formulae, or other data that must remain fixed on the page.

We offer our eBooks via VitalSource, an academic eBook provider, which means once you buy a book from Routledge.com, you must use VitalSource to access and read it.

eBook+

Our eBook+ titles are designed to make reading more engaging, increase comprehension and retention of the material and ultimately lead to greater student success.

Key features include:

• Professionally-recorded audio excerpts, including music and enunciation, to enhance learning according to individual needs.
• Video clips to gain deeper understanding of the content and amplify the learning experience.
• External links to access additional content for reference and further reading.
• Data Visualization using charts, graphs and maps to provide an accessible way to see and understand trends and data.
• Quizzes and assessments to engage learners and assess the competencies during various learning stages.
• Interactive problem-solving exercises to improve engagement and performance.

Open Access Books

Open access makes published academic research freely and permanently available online. Anyone, anywhere can read and build upon this research. We’ve been publishing Open Access Books since 2013, this covers books and chapters across all subjects covered by Routledge, CRC Press and our other leading imprints in the humanities, social sciences, STEM and behavioral sciences.

Focus Shortform Books

The CRC Press Focus Shortform Book Program focuses on affordable, concise, quick to market books that fill the need for short overviews on emerging areas or "hot topics".

Publishing Guidelines

We provide support throughout the publishing journey for our authors, from proposal submission to publication and beyond. Our Accessible Content Guidelines are intended for authors, contributing editors and those who wish to learn more about accessible publishing, and the importance of image descriptions.

Bookshelf App

We aim to publish all eBooks with searchable, selectable text. All eBooks sold on Routledge.com are currently sold through the VitalSource platform to which its own statement applies: VitalSource accessibility statement page Opens in a new window or tab. For details on alternative format requests, and to download a request form, please visit the Accessibility at Taylor & Francis page Opens in a new window or tab.

Formstack

We use the Formstack forms on the website to collect information on customers who want to share their information with us for various reasons. The forms are implemented via inline frames with title attributes and are built to accessible guidelines. For reCaptcha, we are working with Formstack to evaluate the accessibility standards and fix over time as part of our roadmap. Also, the forms get clipped in mobile, which we are working on fixing in the coming releases.

Digital Rights Management

• You can print pages from your eBooks using Bookshelf for Mac/Windows or Bookshelf Online. The number of pages will vary for each book.
• All of our eBooks are encrypted so that they can only be accessed within Bookshelf. We do not send eBooks as PDFs to your email address because this format is easily copied and pirated and does not protect the rights of our expert author community.
• As one of the leading global academic publishers, Routledge also offers eBooks through other book retailers and academic stores. Please check with your preferred eBook retailer to find Routledge books in an electronic format that suits you.

Embedding accessibility

Taylor & Francis aims to ensure that accessibility is at the heart of our platform development, by subscribing to the Four Principles of Accessibility - POUR Opens in a new window or tab, as published by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).

• Perceivable: Users must be able to perceive the information being presented to them by at least one of their senses.
• Operable: Users must be able to operate the interface; it cannot require interaction that a user cannot perform.
• Understandable: Users must be able to understand the information as well as the operation of the user interface.
• Robust: Content must be robust enough that it can be interpreted reliably by a wide variety of user agents, including assistive technologies. This means that users must be able to access the content as technologies advance.

Perceivable

Text alternatives

Providing text alternatives for non-text content, such as images, icons, and multimedia, so that it can be changed into other forms people need, like large print, braille, speech, symbols, or simpler language.

• Most non-text content has a meaningful text alternative.

Time-based Media

Offering alternatives for time-based media, such as captions for videos and transcripts for audio content.

• No audio-only content on the site.
• Closed captions are provided for prerecorded video content with speech.
• Standard text-based transcripts are available for content viewed on YouTube.
• Product and service do not host live synchronised media.

Adaptable

Creating content that can be presented in different ways (e.g., simpler layout) without losing information or structure.

• The order of content in the website's code matches the logical reading order that users expect.
• Mostly, instructions for understanding and operating content do not solely rely on characteristics such as size, visual location, orientation, sound, or shape.
• Content is not restricted to a single-display orientation.
• When rotating a device from portrait to landscape the site mostly remains readable and usable without the use of horizontal scrolling.
• The purpose of form fields can be identified by the Google Chrome browser.

Distinguishable

Making it easier for users to see and hear content, including separating foreground from background.

• Colour is not the only means of conveying information.
• Audio can be paused or stopped, and the volume controlled independently.
• Body text and images of text mostly have a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1.
• Text on a web page can be resized up to 200% without loss of content or functionality.
• Text is presented as actual text, rather than images of text.
• Users can increase letter, word, line, and paragraph spacing without cutting off content or breaking functionality.
• No specific timings to complete individual keystrokes.

Operable

Keyboard accessible

Making all functionality available from a keyboard, ensuring that users who cannot use a mouse can still navigate and interact with the content.

• Most functionality is operable using the keyboard only.
• No specific timings to complete individual keystrokes.
• Limited situations where you enter a modal and cannot get back to where you were using only the keyboard.
• No character key shortcuts

Enough Time

Providing users enough time to read and use content, such as allowing users to extend time limits or turn off time constraints.

• The site times out after 14 days of non-interaction.
• The session will refresh when the user performs activity.

Seizures and physical reactions

Avoiding content that could cause seizures or physical reactions, such as flashing lights or patterns.

• No flashing content.

Navigable

Helping users navigate, find content, and determine where they are, including providing clear and consistent navigation mechanisms.

• First clickable item on the page is a "skip to main content link".
• Landmarks define core parts of the page to support quick navigation.
• Each page has a unique title that clearly describes its topic or purpose.
• Given the site's nature, many page titles correspond to the titles of product page books.
• Focusable elements receive focus in an order that preserves meaning and operability.
• Navigate by header navigation, on-page links, breadcrumbs, a site-wide search, and consistent footer links.
• Headings are descriptive and effectively summarize sections of content.
• Form labels clearly describe what information is required.
• Buttons inform the user what will happen when they’re pressed.
• Mostly, there is visible keyboard focus styling to indicate which element you're on.
• When a component receives keyboard focus it is always at least partially visible.

Input modalities

Making it easier for users to operate functionality through various inputs beyond the keyboard, such as voice commands or touch.

• No author-created multi-point or path-based gestures, such as swiping or drawing.
• Functions that use a single pointer are completed when the user releases the pointer.
• Components with labels that include text or images of text, have a corresponding accessible name that begins with the text that is presented visually.
• No reliance on author-created gestures that requires device motion.
• No user interface components that required dragging movements.
• Clickable elements mostly meet the minimum 24 × 24 pixels in size.

Understandable

Readable

Making text content readable and understandable, which involves using clear and simple language, providing definitions for unusual words or phrases, and ensuring that the reading level is appropriate for the audience.

• Default language of each page is identified using a lang attribute (en-US).

Predictable

Creating web pages that appear and operate in predictable ways, such as ensuring that navigation is consistent across the site and that interactive elements behave in expected ways.

• Forms changes are predictable, and relate to the user’s selection. Focus remains on the button/field. Any data entered in other fields remains in place.
• Placement of help details and options is consistent across the site and easy to find.
• Navigation is consistent from page to page, ensuring familiar features stay in the same place as users visit different pages.
• Components that have the same functionality are mostly identified consistently throughout.

Input assistance

Helping users avoid and correct mistakes, which includes providing clear labels and instructions for form fields, offering error suggestions, and ensuring that forms are easy to complete.

• Errors are automatically detected and messages are provided as text and announced.
• Help is provided to prevent form errors.
• Forms do not ask users to enter the same information more than once in a single session.
• Helpful suggestions are provided to help users correct errors.
• Important forms like a legal agreement or submitting financial information offer the opportunity to check the information entered before submission.
• Authentication is possible without cognitive challenges.

Robust

Compatible

Maximizing compatibility with current and future user agents, including assistive technologies. This involves using well-formed markup and following standards to ensure that content can be reliably processed by different devices and software.

• Status messages like form errors, success pop-ups, progress updates, and cookie policy acceptance, are mostly communicated to assistive technologies.

Contact us

We are always developing solutions to further improve the site’s overall accessibility. In the meantime, should you experience any difficulty in accessing routledge.com please view the information on our Frequently Asked Questions page. Alternatively, you can email us at [email protected] or use our online contact form. We endeavor to respond within five business days, or fewer.

Request Service

Taylor & Francis request service

When a work is unavailable for purchase in a suitable format, we endeavor to provide one within three working days. Institutions and individuals can place their request via our Academic VIP (Visually Impaired Persons) Team. Note, this team handles alternative format requests for all print-disabilities.

• Book request form - including ancillary instructor and student resources Opens in a new window or tab
• Journal request form - including video abstracts Opens in a new window or tab
• [email protected]

RNIB Bookshare and Bookshare

Our titles are also available through RNIB Bookshare | UK Education Collection, and Bookshare | Benetech in PDF and EPUB formats, and are shared with these platforms as part of our automated publishing workflow. Where EPUB is provided, titles can be downloaded as a Word, DAISY, Braille Ready File (BRF) or EPUB file, as well as being supported by the built-in reading tool and Dolphin Easy Reader.

General Information

• For general information or help with web-accessibility, visit BBC Accessibility Help.
• AbilityNet has advice on making your device easier to use if you have a disability.
• Royal National Institute of Blind People (RNIB) has information on assistive aids and technology for blind and partially sighted people.